* Invited Guest Speech at theJoshua Generation Summit organised by the Town Hall Meetings Project (THMP) andTimeless Magazine held on Saturday 26th June 2010, Lagos, Nigeria.
† Global Coordinator, ChampionsFor NigeriaInternational
‡‡ I owe a very large part of this section to Dr Femi Ajayi’s paper titled “Nigerian Politics-Past, Present, andFuture” Presented at the 46th Independence Anniversary of Nigeriaorganised by Nigerian Association of Southern California, Colton, Californiaand published in Nigeriaworld.com, 30th Oct. 2006. (I feel I do nothave to reinvent the wheel)bold"">
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- Introduction normal"">
On Wednesday 16th June 2010, the President of the Nigerian Bar Association, Mr. Rotimi Akeredolu declared in Ibadan that the nation’smisfortunes stemmed from placing the leadership of the country in the hands of“mediocrities, felons of unimaginable crimes and erstwhile beggars who now livein benumbing opulence”. He said the fortunes of the country have been, and isbeing frittered away by “profligate impostors”, and that the activities of theleadership continued to threaten the very existence of the country.
Mr Akeredolu has captured my thinking and the thinking of many right-thinking, patriotic Nigerians – we do not haveleadership; they are not worthy; they are criminals; they are extremely greedythieves; they are charlatans and impostors; they are mediocre pretending to begeniuses; they are wolves in sheep clothing.
While thanking Timeless Magazine, George Ashiru and Town Hall Meetings Project for the opportunity todialogue on "Nigeria- Past, Present, and Future", I would urge that we should not waste muchtime in debating the past, but should focus on the future, using the presentday events as indicator to measure the future.normal"">
- What shaped the past? What characterized our past? ‡‡ normal"">
Nigeria is, according to the controversial 2005 Census, acountry of about 150 million people comprising of over 250 ethnic groupings,with more than 4, 000 dialects, either by accident or design, came under theBritish rule. Obtaining Independence over 49 years ago, October 1, 1960, and aRepublic in 1963, with a federal structure and three regional governments basedon the compass points of north, east, and west, Nigeria is still very splitalong ethnic and religious lines. Thanks to Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida for thisleaky pact.
‡‡ Historically, the then colonial master, Great Britain’s mixing of different groups and calling them Nigeria, could have beena blunder. However, when life made lemon, you make lemonade out of it. Thismixture obtains almost everywhere in the world, and most countries make themost of it, hence the phrase, Unity in Diversity. The attainment ofindependence through the combined activities of Dr. Nnamidi Azikiwe, EasternRegion Premier, the First Nigerian President, a journalist, was best rememberedfor his commitment to the Nigerian nation; Alhaji Sir Tafawa Balewa, FirstNigerian Prime Minister, a teacher, was widely admired for his simplicity andhumility. Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Western Premier, a lawyer, an unyieldingadvocate of federalism and socio-economic programs; Alhaji Ahmadu Bello,Northern Premier, known for his efforts to bring the North along side theWestern Education, are appreciated by Nigerians.
Ahmadu Bello once said, at least for the likes of religious and ethnic zealots to take note:
"Herein the Northern Nigeria we have people of many different races, tribes andreligions who are knit together to common history, common interest and commonideas, the things that unite us are stronger than the things that divide us. Ialways remind people of our firmly rooted policy of religious tolerance. {Underlinedmine} We have no intention of favouring one religion at the expense of another.Subject to the overriding need to preserve law and order, it is ourdetermination that everyone should have absolute liberty to practice his beliefaccording to the dictates of his conscience…"
Religious tolerance should be a binding 'string' for Nigerians.
The efforts of Nigerian founding fathers to keep Nigeriaunited were thwarted by the Military in 1966 with the conviction that the regionalPremiers deviated from the unity efforts. Military interference lasted till1999, with divine intervention.
Aguiyi Ironsi struggled for Nigerian Unity, but unfortunately, had no time. His colleagues showed him the way out of powerand then this world in a swift reaction to his policy of Unitary Government.
A very young Yakubu Gowon picked up the pieces from late Ironsi, and saw Nigeria through a 30-month civil war, withmade-to-believe of no winners, no losers, and declared the three Rs to uniteNigeria: Reconstruction, Reconciliation, and Rehabilitation. Gowon moved Nigeria fromthe regional partition to Statehood, with the creation of 12 States.
While Gowon pled with Nigerians to allow his ruling Team to have their breakfast after nine years of Military rule, MurtalaMohammed, told him, in the Military language, to go and have the breakfastsomeone else. Some hardcore Military officers did not like being stopped fromtaking their breakfast; they took Mohammed out of this world, like they didwith Aguiyi Ironsi.
Mohammed and Obasanjo, ruling together, further divided Nigeriainto 19 smaller states, further polarising Nigerians. Mohammed’s short reignhad a major impact on subsequent developments in the Nigerian nation. Onassumption of office, he reformed the civil service and other majorinstitutions. His government outlined a political program that included thecreation of seven more states, the drafting of a new constitution, and theorganization of state and national elections as a prelude to a return tocivilian rule on 1 October 1979. he it was who also changed the Federal capitalfrom Lagos to Abuja. His government also ran a dynamicforeign policy.
A reluctant (so they told us) Olusegun Obasanjo continued Mohammed's reforms. Nigeria changed from the BritishParliamentary system to American Presidential system in 1979 - a system that is so encumbered with corruption,if there were no 'shock absorbers' to control its operations and fraught withdangers. Obasanjo handed over the baton to a controversially elected ShehuShagari, denying Obafemi Awolowo the chance to transmute the magic he performedin the Western Region to the national level. What we could attribute toObasanjo's military administration was the handling over to the civilian sincethe Military took over in Nigeria,in 1966. That was a legacy.
Shehu Shagari, a morally upright person, however could not control his ministers and allowed them to wallow in the mire ofcorruption. The Military came back in 1983, as he was about to settle down forhis second term, as a civilian President.
Muhammed Buhari, with Tunde Idiagbon as the second in command, struggled to instil some discipline in the Nigerian society,especially against the drug dealers. Its popular slogan was "War AgainstIndiscipline". Unfortunately the discipline journey in Nigeria was cutshort by another Military intervention, this time with the coup architect,Ibrahim Babangida.
Ibrahim Babangida administration, with seemingly good support and enthusiasm from the Nigerian public after the heavy-handednessand discipline of Buhari/Idiagbon, and with apparently great ideas for statehood,progress and development was however destined to falsehood and deprivation: thedevastating Structural Adjustment Program, SAP; the obvious destruction of oureducation and the middle class; the total collapse of Nigeria infrastructure;the “institutionalisation” ofcorruption; the promotion of another brand of economic sabotage, the popular"419"; and finally the annulment of the most credible election inNigerian History, June 12, 1993.
Sometime ago, when Babangida allowed himself (or perhaps was duped by his many sycophants and followers), to join the fray tobecome a civilian President, he said he cancelled the 1993 election, but he didnot annul it. Some of you who understood English better than me could tellBabangida the difference between "Cancellation" and"Annulment".
Babangida is once again, as he did in 2006 on the trail of coming back. The most sickening part of his Presidential ambitionis for some Nigerians supporting him to come back to continue his ethnic andreligious divide of Nigerians after his eight years of failed administration.He stepped aside in 1993, was forced to abandon 2007, and now wants to step in,once again, come 2011. What we need now are leaders not rulers.
Earnest Shonekan was positioned to readjust the Military next step through an Interim National Government which eventuallyushered in Sanni Abacha, the most notorious public looter of the Century,according to former EFCC Chairman, Nuhu Ribadu's findings.
I will not talk about the dead. Of what use is talking about the dead man that is defenceless. All we know about Abacha iswhat you all know about Abacha. Right? Yoube the judge on Abacha's case.
Abdul Salaam took over after Abacha's death to complete the Divine Intervention when he organized an election that usheredin another Military man in a civilian dress, as the new Nigerian President,President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Olusegun Obasanjo became Nigeria’s 12th Head of State in 1999 amidst a lot of hope and goodwill for the country. Infact a lot of Nigerians were convincedthat what with what Obasanjo went through in the hands of Abacha, who was aboutto execute him, and the fact that he had been a Military head of state, he camewith a lot of experience and knowledge in governance, he was the Messiah wewere waiting for. He started very warily and slowly, perhaps trying to getre-accustomed to democracy. His Vice President was almost the one ruling thecountry.
He was brought in to pacify the South for the annulment of the 1993 elections. Obasanjo spent the whole of his First Termstudying the situation and then 'forced' himself on Nigeria in 2003 through massiveriggings. That gave him the opportunity to do whatever he did, taming hisfellow rogues. If Nigerians had allowed him the Third Term, he would have putall corrupt officials in jail, not killing them like Rawlings did in Ghana. ‡‡
I will confess that initially, I was a great fan and supporter of Obasanjo. I really believed he could move Nigeria forwardand save us. Later, especially with his surreptitious Third Term attempt andpossible personal greed and corruption, I quickly lost any respect or love forhim. However, for his bold step against corruption, the man deserves somekudos. His was not an ethnic or religious fight; Corruption has no ethnic or religiousinclination. The fight against corruption is a current challenge to Nigeriansat home and abroad. The end result determines the future of Nigeria andNigerians.
‡‡ One good thing that I love about Obasanjo's fight against corruption is with individuals in the highest position of authority.Some schools of thought might take his corruption crusade to be selective, thisis debatable. I have not seen any of our past leaders that have attempted to dothat, even among the Military circle, which claimed to restore Nigeria image.The message from Obasanjo to Nigerians is that “fellow rogues; we are not goingto steal people's money any more, enough is enough”. normal"">‡‡
However, Obasanjo, despite his many achievements as a civilian President of Nigeria (and truth be told, they aremany and he laid many foundations) succumbed to the dizzying whiff of power andgot himself derailed. His Ministers, his Aides and Special Advisers went on alooting spree, which he himself seemed unable to control and joined in, (so theysay). The fact that he rigged himself in for his Second Term also testified tohis failure.
Then on selecting, and virtually forcing the now late Umar Yar ‘Adua (who was really unwilling and too ill to be thePresident) to take over from him in 2007, Obasanjo lost any remaining claim toStatesmanship that he had. It was a shameless rigged election in 2007, and eventhe emerged President, Umar Yar ‘Adua admitted that his own election wasflawed.
But the shameless Obasanjo, who had egg all over his face, would never agree. He and his Chief Rigger, Prof. Maurice Iwu(Chairman, Independent National Electoral Commission) presided over arguablythe worst elections ever held in any part of the modern world. To the end, theynever admitted they were flawed.
In came the reluctant and obviously sickly Yar ‘Adua in 2007. Touted as Nigeria’sfirst graduate President and Commander in Chief, a lot of Nigerian hopes restedon him, probably out of pity and the fact that he was really a good man.But the fact remains that it isimpossible for a sick man to effectively rule a country of 150 million people.Lacklustre, uncharismatic and manipulated easily, he was always a puppet tosome greedy and evil cabal, including his inordinately ambitious wife. Hissickness and his absence created a dangerous powervacuum in Nigeria.On 24 February 2010, Yar'Adua returned to Abuja. His state of health wasunclear, but there was speculation that he was still on a life support machine.Various political and religious figures in Nigeria had visited him during hisillness saying he would make a recovery.
I do not need to recount what Nigeria and Nigerians experienced from November 24, 2009 to the time he died on 5thMay 2010.
Now enter Mr Goodluck Jonathan, Yar ‘Adua’s former Vice-President and former co-Governor. Again I do not need to recounthow, after some farcical intrigues and opportunism from so many interestedparties, he eventually assumed the mantle of the President of the FederalRepublic of Nigeria on 16 May 2010.
- The factors responsible in our past for our presentdilemma.
If we look and examine it long and hard, the intervention of the military in the governing affairs of Nigeria hasbeen largely and mainly responsible for the predicament we find ourselvestoday. Since the abolition of the regions by General Yakubu Gowon, in 1967, ourhistory has never been the same again. Our past has been characterized bynepotism, corruption, rigging of election, and lack of strong and independentworking institutions. The most sufficient factor being the rigging of electionwhich has been ongoing since 1960, seconded, if I may use that word, by theglaring lack of independent working institutions. The solution to thosepatterned rigging of election was found in the ingenious introduction and useof option A4 electoral system in the June 12, 1993 election; an election thatwas adjudged the freest and fairest in the annals of Nigeria’s history, but wassabotaged by it creator, IBB.
11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">
11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">Nigerian politics wasshaped by the British colonial presence. Before independence in 1960, we hadthe Action Group, the NCNC and NPC and other minor political parties.Regionally, the Action Group was in control of the Western region; the NPC, theNorth and, the NCNC, the East. At that level of political formation, I thinkthe regional government had fared better. I believed that if the NPC/ NCNCcoalition, which formed the National government, had stayed as a coalitionwithout trying to interfere and manipulate the political processes in theWestern region, the parliamentary system would have stood the test of time tothis day.
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11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">Tribalism, religiousintolerance, nepotism, selfishness, greed, corruption, incompetence, alsorepresents major factors responsible for our problems today. We have discardedour traditional African community spirit and abandoned the Biblical “Love thyneighbour”. It is now everyman for himself. Vagabonds rig themselves intopolitical positions, even with the connivance of some of the people whose liveswe trying to make better.
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- Nigeria font-family:Arial""> today- Responsible factors
Sincethe creation of modern publicadministration in the country,there have been cases of official misuse of resources for personal enrichment.The rise of public administration and the discovery of oil and natural gas are two major events seen to have ledto a litany of ignoble corrupt practices in the country. Over the years, thecountry has seen its wealth withered with little to show in living conditionsof the common man. The late Chief ObafemiAwolowo raised a salient issuewhen he said, since independence, our governments have been a matter of fewholding the cow for the strongest and most cunning to milk, under thosecircumstances everybody runs over everybody to make good at the expense ofothers.
Somewriters have posited about the different potential causes of flagrant andpecunious graft that exists in the country: many blame greed and ostentatiouslifestyle as a potential rootcause of corruption. To some,societies in love with ostentatious lifestyle may delve into corrupt practicesto feed the lifestyle and also embrace a style of public sleaze and lack of decorum. The customs and attitudes of the society may alsobe a contributing factor. Gift giving as expressions of loyalty or tributes to traditional rulers may be fabricsof the society. Also, a political environment that excludes favours towardselites or wealthy citizens may also be influenced by corruption. Wealthy elitesmay resort to sleaze in order to gain power and protect their interest.However, the bottom line surmised from the views of most Nigerians is thatcorruption is a problem that has to be rooted out. Other causes of corruptionare ethnicity and pressures on officials by friendsand kinsmen. Friends and kinsmen seeking favour from officials mayimpose difficult strains on the ethical disposition of the official. Manykinsmen may see a government official as holding necessary avenues for theirpersonal survival or gain
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11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">The solution tofighting corruption was also partly founded and built around the EFCC. Aboveall, the government needs to allow institutions to strongly evolve. The Police,the judiciary and other law enforcing agents should be made independent. Thereis too much interference from a few who feel that these instruments of theSTATE are meant for their selfish use. Here again comes before us glaringly,the issue of class and class consciousness. Is it better to analyze Nigeria fromthe social class perspective? Again, it all depends on individuals and theirideological disposition. I am easily disposed to using the class angle if I donot want to fall into tribal, regional, and religious traps. The manipulationof religion in Nigeriahas since reached its Olympian height likewise are tribe and region.
Allow me to borrow from Gbenga Olumekun’s article “Truth:The Greatest Casualty Of Our Time” written at the height of the chicanery thatwas played on Nigerians when late President Yar ‘Adua was sick.
“The devious contraptions that are daily shoved downour throats by those residing in the corridors, sitting room, or bedroom ofpower are doing incalculable damage to our national psyche. The citizenry needsto be mobilised in the drive to spur them unto nation-building but theresponses are determined by how believable the stories they are fed with. Thatis why the modern Nigerian society is a failed one. Never mind those who willrefuse to see the reality of the situation. Never mind those who will rise upin arms when a concerned statesman tells us of our failings as a nation. Thereis now no sense of belonging nor is there any semblance of nationalisticfervour left in anyone except those who derive pecuniary benefits fromconcocting all kinds of lies in defence of falsehood. That is why all theprodding for petroleum subsidy withdrawal and belt-tightening fall on deafears. We know they are liars! Who wants to die when these pathogenic humanbeings are getting fatter and fatter by the day at the expense of the rest ofus? These pathological liars have turned all Nigerians into veritable cynics,no better than St. Thomaswho must see, touch and appropriate before he or she can believe. How then arewe going to mobilize the citizenry, how then are we going to ask for nationalcommitment and sacrifice when we see and read on the very faces of our leadersand hear in their voices lies, lies and lies, all the time?
In the unfolding events in contemporary Nigeria thereal victim is truth. Falsehood is now pervasive in the police, in themilitary, in the National Assembly, in the seat of power and most regrettablyon the pulpits. Unfortunately truth is the greatest ingredient for nationbuilding. It is the mortar by which the building blocks are joined together. Ifthis is absent, what manner of contraption are we building? Are we not doomedas a country?”
Please do not get me wrong.There is no absolute clean country, clean individual, or a saint anywhere inthe world, including the religious leaders. Na lie be dat. However, theopenness of corruption in Nigeriais very disturbing. It has to be reduced into its barest and manageable level.Part of the medication to cure Nigeriawill come from Nigerian youths.
- The way forward – exploring various sectors.
The way forward is multidimensional. There is no one way approach to these problems. But I believethat the starting line is for us to convoke a genuine sovereign nationalconference (not a manipulated one), where all the ethnic groupings would sitdown and say what and how a true Nigerian nation can evolve.
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11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">It is quite clear thateven if we want to fall back on regional government, it is no longer going tobe three. Over the years, the contradictions inherent in the Nigerian systemhave succeeded in throwing up six regional arrangements and not the formerthree. I have listed this over and over in my write up and some other Nigerianwriters have done same too. These six regional typologies are: the West orOodua region, the East or MASSOP region, the Niger-Delta region or Opoboregion, the Middle belt region, the North East or Adamawa region and the FarNorth or Dan Fodio/ Sardauna region. The Federation should stay but the regionsshould take charge of their destinies.
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11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">Going hand in hand withthe above is to reduce the present needless and money guzzling 36 statesarrangement into six states or region. State creation has not helped to reducepoverty, election rigging, unemployment, nerving corruption, crime and othersocial vices; rather it has helped to aggravate them. There is therefore theneed to go beyond state creation and look at other social variables.
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11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">Is the creation of morestates the solution? No. From 3 to 4 regions, to 12 states to 19, and now 36,tell me, how many of these states are viable or productive or contributeanything to the economy of the nation? Many states today are in financial crisisbecause of the flagrant corruption of their Governors and other politicians.Most cannot even pay teachers’’ or civil servants’ salaries as and at when due,relying on the Federal allocation every month. And yet it is not because thesestates cannot sustain themselves, it is because their Governors are not onlyclueless as to what governance is, but most importantly because they went thereto steal all they can in the first place.
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11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">So why are we thenagitating for the creation of more states? To create wealth for some selectedpeople! To create political kingdoms for some people! The more states, the morealienated we are; the more bureaucracy; the more problems we will have; themore drain on our already eroded resources; the more corruption we will have andthe higher the level of poverty. Look at the history; the more states we havebeen having in the past 50 years, the higher has been the corruption, and hencethe poverty.
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11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">The third option is forthe people to rise and take their destiny into their own hands. But how do wecoordinate that? Who would lead? Though, people like Prof. Pat Utomi, Prof.Wole Soyinka, Femi Falana, Bamidele Aturu, Festus Keyamo and your likes, canreally take the bull by the horn but how do we coordinate with the North? Howdo we reach out to make the majority of the oppressed North believe in ourintention? Those whom we want to liberate and free, do they really want to beliberated? They are so entrenched, emboldened, and overwhelmed by theiroppressed that it is difficult to divorce that unjust social marriage (thesupport demonstration in Zamfara state by female Moslems against the publicoutcry on the marriage of Yerima to an Egyptian teenage girl is a typicalexample).
Our youths and other well-meaning, sincere Nigerians should be actively involved in the process of democracy, politics,governance and policy making. Get involved - sponsor credible candidates toreplace "Fools" and "Vagabonds in Power". Sponsor somelegislation; otherwise Nigeria will continue to run the affairs of Nigeria by"Execu-thieves", “Excellent-thieves”, “ Legis-looters”,“Sena-thieves”, “Dis-Honourables”, “Damaging Directors”, etc. What do we expect from a fool, more thanthoughtless decisions? As long as Nigerians allow them to keep on occupying thepositions of authority, nothing would ever change for good in Nigeria. We donot have to be looking for an immediate reward with this exercise. It is goingto be expensive, draining, and rewarding if done right.
11.0pt;mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"">The last and maybe,unsavory option, is to hope that one day a Rawlings may come to redeem us andenforce that which we all cherish. Today, all of us are proud of what is goingon in Ghana.Ghananow has very strong institutions, thanks to Rawlings and, to the good works ofKoffi Annan, as a former UN Secretary General. Annan used that position togarner and promote the good will of his country; invited and saw to the influxof foreign capital and investments into his country and helped to promoteinternal democracy through the use of ballot boxes. However, I cannot seeRawlings approach happening any longer because of global trend of events.Military actions are no longer appealing. The International Community frownsagainst such actions.
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In all, I think our destiny lies in our hands. The international community can come to help build ourcountry to the standard we want it to be or, they would come in to help usdisintegrate or destroy it, both of which depends on the taste bud of Nigeria’sinternal collaborators.
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Allow me to close by borrowing from late Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto, and the First Premier of NorthernRegion on Independence Day, 1960, he said:
"The eyes of the world are on Nigeria now and there are many friends who hope that we shall be the leading nation in Africa.Let me say with all the emphasis at my command that we shall never attain thisgoal if there is suspicion and mistrust among the peoples of Nigeria. Suchan attitude cannot benefit anyone and can too easily lead to strife as has beenthe painful experience of other independent nations in Africaand elsewhere. Let us not forget our dreams of national unity in Nigeria cannotbe realized without honest hard work and the respect for one another's viewsand peculiar ways - be they customs or traditions. The different tribal groupsin this country must learn to accommodate members of other tribal groups."
Ladies and gentlemen, I appreciate this opportunity to share my thoughts with you on "Nigeria - Past, Present, andFuture". I have to say that although things have been looking bleak forthe past 50 years since our independence , nevertheless, in my opinion, thefuture of Nigeria is bright, but, and a very BIG BUT, if we only take ourdestiny and future in our own hands. But it will be a big fight. Things areworse than we think and the MAIN problem, as you would have assumed from mypresentation is CORRUPTION. And when you fight corruption, it will always fightback even more ferociously, more savagely and more lethally than you. So thinkabout it, for the love and sake of this country and our future generation.
If we cannot see a better and progressive Nigeria in our time, because it may be too late for us, at least let’s do it for our childrenand our children’s children.
Congratulations and appreciations to the Timeless Magazine, Mr George Ashiru of the THMP for hosting this summit, andthe patriotic and committed ladies and gentlemen who helped organise thisevent.
And to all of you, thanks for listening.
God bless you
References
Dr Femi Ajayi, 2006 “Nigerian Politics-Past, Present, and Future”. Presented at the 46thIndependence Anniversary of Nigeria organised by Nigerian Association ofSouthern California, Colton,California. www.Nigeriaworld.com 30th Oct 2006.normal"">
Gbenga Olumekun, 2010. “Truth: The Greatest Casualty of Our Time”. www.championsfornigeria.org 1stMay 2010.
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